GAD-6

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DSHB Data Sheet
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Catalog Fields

Product Name/ID: GAD-6
Available to For-Profits: Yes
Alternate Antibody Name:
Gene Name: Gad2
Ab Isotype: MIgG2a
Gene Symbol:
Antibody Registry ID: AB_2314499 
Uniprot ID: Q05683 
RRID:  
Entrez Gene ID: 24380 
Clonality: Monoclonal
Immunogen: Purified glutamic acid decarboxylase from rat brain
Clone:
Immunogen Sequence: Full length protein
Myeloma Strain: NS1
Epitope Mapped: Yes
Antigen Name: Glutamic acid decarboxylase; GAD
Epitope Location or Sequence: C-terminal a.a. 423-585
Alternate Antigen Name:
Deposit Date: 10/8/1990
Antigen Molecular Weight: apparent 59 kDa, predicted 65 kDa
Depositor: Gottlieb, D.I.
Antigen Sequence:
Depositor Institution: Washington University School of Medicine
Antigen Species: Rat
Depositor Notes: Immunoprecipitates as a dimer but migrates as a single band on SDS-PAGE western blot.
Host Species: mouse
Hybridoma Cells Available (Non-Profit): Yes
Confirmed Species Reactivity: Fish, Human, Marmoset, Mouse, Rat, Zebrafish
Additional Information: This antibody has tested positive on marmoset tissues.
Predicted Species Reactivity:  
Human Protein Atlas:  
Additional Characterization:  
Recommended Applications: Immunohistochemistry, Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot
All cell products contain the antimicrobial ProClin. Click here for additional information.
These hybridomas were created by your colleagues. Please acknowledge the hybridoma contributor and the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank (DSHB) in the Materials and Methods of your publications. Please email the citation to us.
For your Materials & Methods section:
GAD-6 was deposited to the DSHB by Gottlieb, D.I. (DSHB Hybridoma Product GAD-6)
Storage and Handling Recommendations
Although many cell products are maintained at 4°C for years without loss of activity, shelf-life at 4°C is highly variable. For immediate use, short term storage at 4°C up to two weeks is recommended. For long term storage, divide the solution into volumes of no less than 20 ul for freezing at -20°C or -80°C. The small volume aliquot should provide sufficient reagent for short term use. Freeze-thaw cycles should be avoided. For concentrate or bioreactor products, an equal volume of glycerol, a cryoprotectant, may be added prior to freezing.
Usage Recommendations
The optimal Ig concentration for an application varies by species and antibody affinity. For each product, the antibody titer must be optimized for every application by the end user laboratory. A good starting concentration for immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), and immunocytochemistry (ICC) when using mouse Ig is 2-5 ug/ml. For western blots, the recommended concentration range of mouse Ig 0.2-0.5 ug/ml. In general, rabbit antibodies demonstrate greater affinity and are used at a magnitude lower Ig concentration for initial testing. The recommended concentrations for rabbit Ig are 0.2-0.5 ug/ml (IF, IHC and ICC) and 20-50 ng/ml (WB).

45 References

  • Initial Publication
  • IF References
  • WB References
  • IHC References
  • IP References
  • Epitope Map References
  • All References
    • Initial Publication

    Characterization of the proteins purified with monoclonal antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase.
    Gottlieb DI
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 8.6 (1988 Jun): 2123-30.

    IF References

    Differential expression of GAD65 and GAD67 in human, rat, and mouse pancreatic islets.
    Baekkeskov S
    Diabetes 42.12 (1993 Dec): 1799-808.

    BDNF locally potentiates GABAergic presynaptic machineries: target-selective circuit inhibition.
    Yamada MK
    Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) 15.3 (2005 Mar): 291-8.

    Regulation of synaptic stability by AMPA receptor reverse signaling.
    Ghosh A
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108.1 (2011 Jan 4): 367-72.

    Nerve growth factor is primarily produced by GABAergic neurons of the adult rat cortex.
    Tuszynski MH
    Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 8. (2014): 220.

    Integration between different hypothalamic nuclei involved in stress and GnRH secretion in the ewe.
    Dobson H
    Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene 45.6 (2010 Dec): 1065-73.

    Electron tomography on γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic synapses reveals a discontinuous postsynaptic network of filaments.
    Reese TS
    The Journal of comparative neurology 522.4 (2014 Mar): 921-36.

    17α-estradiol is generated locally in the male rat brain and can regulate GAD65 expression and anxiety.
    Yamada MK
    Neuropharmacology 90. (2015 Mar): 9-14.

    Characterization of secretagogin-immunoreactive amacrine cells in marmoset retina.
    Grünert U
    The Journal of comparative neurology 522.2 (2014 Feb 1): 435-55.

    Analysis of bipolar and amacrine populations in marmoset retina.
    Grünert U
    The Journal of comparative neurology 523.2 (2015 Feb 1): 313-34.

    In vivo clonal overexpression of neuroligin 3 and neuroligin 2 in neurons of the rat cerebral cortex: Differential effects on GABAergic synapses and neuronal migration.
    De Blas AL
    The Journal of comparative neurology 523.9 (2015 Jun 15): 1359-78.

    Identification of AⅡ amacrine, displaced amacrine, and bistratified ganglion cell types in human retina with antibodies against calretinin.
    Grünert U
    The Journal of comparative neurology 524.1 (2016 Jan 1): 39-53.

    Perineuronal Net Protein Neurocan Inhibits NCAM/EphA3 Repellent Signaling in GABAergic Interneurons.
    Maness PF
    Scientific reports 8.1 (2018 Apr 18): 6143.

    AII amacrine cells in the primate fovea contribute to photopic vision.
    Grünert U
    Scientific reports 8.1 (2018 Nov 6): 16429.

    Alternative Splicing of Presynaptic Neurexins Differentially Controls Postsynaptic NMDA and AMPA Receptor Responses.
    Südhof TC
    Neuron 102.5 (2019 Jun 5): 993-1008.e5.

    Mouse Retinal Cell Atlas: Molecular Identification of over Sixty Amacrine Cell Types.
    Sanes JR
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 40.27 (2020 Jul 1): 5177-5195.

    Composition of the Inner Nuclear Layer in Human Retina.
    Grünert U
    Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 62.9 (2021 Jul 1): 22.

    WB References

    Characterization of the proteins purified with monoclonal antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase.
    Gottlieb DI
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 8.6 (1988 Jun): 2123-30.

    Autoimmunity to two forms of glutamate decarboxylase in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
    Tobin AJ
    The Journal of clinical investigation 89.1 (1992 Jan): 283-92.

    Autoreactive epitopes defined by diabetes-associated human monoclonal antibodies are localized in the middle and C-terminal domains of the smaller form of glutamate decarboxylase.
    Baekkeskov S
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 90.7 (1993 Apr 1): 2832-6.

    Autoantibodies in IDDM primarily recognize the 65,000-M(r) rather than the 67,000-M(r) isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase.
    Lernmark A
    Diabetes 42.4 (1993 Apr): 631-6.

    Differential expression of GAD65 and GAD67 in human, rat, and mouse pancreatic islets.
    Baekkeskov S
    Diabetes 42.12 (1993 Dec): 1799-808.

    Alternative Splicing of Presynaptic Neurexins Differentially Controls Postsynaptic NMDA and AMPA Receptor Responses.
    Südhof TC
    Neuron 102.5 (2019 Jun 5): 993-1008.e5.

    IHC References

    Autoimmunity to two forms of glutamate decarboxylase in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
    Tobin AJ
    The Journal of clinical investigation 89.1 (1992 Jan): 283-92.

    Characterization of GABAergic neurons in hippocampal cell cultures.
    Banker G
    Journal of neurocytology 23.5 (1994 May): 279-95.

    Intrathalamic striatal grafts survive and affect circling behaviour in adult rats with excitotoxically lesioned striatum.
    Guerra MJ
    Neuroscience 68.3 (1995 Oct): 737-49.

    Postsynaptic clustering of major GABAA receptor subtypes requires the gamma 2 subunit and gephyrin.
    Lüscher B
    Nature neuroscience 1.7 (1998 Nov): 563-71.

    Ventrally located commissural neurons express the GABAergic phenotype in developing rat spinal cord.
    Tran TS
    The Journal of comparative neurology 409.2 (1999 Jun 28): 285-98.

    Localization of the brain-specific high-affinity l-proline transporter in cultured hippocampal neurons: molecular heterogeneity of synaptic terminals.
    Craig AM
    Molecular and cellular neurosciences 13.1 (1999 Jan): 25-39.

    Neural input and neural control of the subcommissural organ.
    Pérez-Fígares JM
    Microscopy research and technique 52.5 (2001 Mar 1): 520-33.

    Neural input and neural control of the subcommissural organ.
    Pérez-Fígares JM
    Microscopy research and technique 52.5 (2001 Mar 1): 520-33.

    Gamma protocadherins are required for synaptic development in the spinal cord.
    Sanes JR
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102.1 (2005 Jan 4): 8-14.

    BDNF locally potentiates GABAergic presynaptic machineries: target-selective circuit inhibition.
    Yamada MK
    Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) 15.3 (2005 Mar): 291-8.

    Generation of GABAergic and dopaminergic interneurons from endogenous embryonic olfactory bulb precursor cells.
    Vicario-Abejón C
    Development (Cambridge, England) 133.21 (2006 Nov): 4367-79.

    Distribution of EphB receptors and ephrin-B1 in the developing vertebrate spinal cord.
    Kaprielian Z
    The Journal of comparative neurology 497.5 (2006 Aug 10): 734-50.

    Conserved role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Val66Met: target-selective reinforcement of GABAergic synapses.
    Yamada MK
    Neuroreport 17.18 (2006 Dec 18): 1847-51.

    Effects of body temperature on neural activity in the hippocampus: regulation of resting membrane potentials by transient receptor potential vanilloid 4.
    Tominaga M
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 27.7 (2007 Feb 14): 1566-75.

    Expression of the basic helix-loop-factor Olig2 in the developing retina: Olig2 as a new marker for retinal progenitors and late-born cells.
    Gan L
    Gene expression patterns : GEP 7.1-2 (2007 Jan): 57-65.

    Mechanisms controlling Pax6 isoform expression in the retina have been conserved between teleosts and mammals.
    Lauderdale JD
    Developmental biology 307.2 (2007 Jul 15): 498-520.

    Contextual learning induces an increase in the number of hippocampal CA1 neurons expressing high levels of BDNF.
    Yamada MK
    Neurobiology of learning and memory 88.4 (2007 Nov): 409-15.

    GABAergic and non-GABAergic thalamic, hypothalamic and basal forebrain projections to the ventral oral pontine reticular nucleus: their implication in REM sleep modulation.
    Reinoso-Suárez F
    Brain research 1210. (2008 May 19): 116-25.

    Activity-dependent relocation of the axon initial segment fine-tunes neuronal excitability.
    Burrone J
    Nature 465.7301 (2010 Jun 24): 1070-4.

    P-Rex2, a Rac-guanine nucleotide exchange factor, is expressed selectively in ribbon synaptic terminals of the mouse retina.
    Blackburn BA
    BMC neuroscience 14. (2013 Jul 11): 70.

    Regulation of synaptic stability by AMPA receptor reverse signaling.
    Ghosh A
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108.1 (2011 Jan 4): 367-72.

    An abrupt developmental shift in callosal modulation of sleep-related spindle bursts coincides with the emergence of excitatory-inhibitory balance and a reduction of somatosensory cortical plasticity.
    Blumberg MS
    Behavioral neuroscience 124.5 (2010 Oct): 600-11.

    Gelidium amansii promotes dendritic spine morphology and synaptogenesis, and modulates NMDA receptor-mediated postsynaptic current.
    Moon IS
    In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal 50.5 (2014): 445-52.

    In vivo clonal overexpression of neuroligin 3 and neuroligin 2 in neurons of the rat cerebral cortex: Differential effects on GABAergic synapses and neuronal migration.
    De Blas AL
    The Journal of comparative neurology 523.9 (2015 Jun 15): 1359-78.

    Perisomatic GABAergic innervation in prefrontal cortex is regulated by ankyrin interaction with the L1 cell adhesion molecule.
    Maness PF
    Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) 20.11 (2010 Nov): 2684-93.

    The spatiotemporal segregation of GAD forms defines distinct GABA signaling functions in the developing mouse olfactory system and provides novel insights into the origin and migration of GnRH neurons.
    Szabó G
    Developmental neurobiology 75.3 (2015 Mar): 249-70.

    Defects in dendrite and spine maturation and synaptogenesis associated with an anxious-depressive-like phenotype of GABAA receptor-deficient mice.
    Luscher B
    Neuropharmacology 88. (2015 Jan): 171-9.

    SHANK3 overexpression causes manic-like behaviour with unique pharmacogenetic properties.
    Zoghbi HY
    Nature 503.7474 (2013 Nov 7): 72-7.

    Aralar Sequesters GABA into Hyperactive Mitochondria, Causing Social Behavior Deficits.
    Bagni C
    Cell 180.6 (2020 Mar 19): 1178-1197.e20.

    IP References

    Autoimmunity to two forms of glutamate decarboxylase in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
    Tobin AJ
    The Journal of clinical investigation 89.1 (1992 Jan): 283-92.

    Autoreactive epitopes defined by diabetes-associated human monoclonal antibodies are localized in the middle and C-terminal domains of the smaller form of glutamate decarboxylase.
    Baekkeskov S
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 90.7 (1993 Apr 1): 2832-6.

    Autoantibodies in IDDM primarily recognize the 65,000-M(r) rather than the 67,000-M(r) isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase.
    Lernmark A
    Diabetes 42.4 (1993 Apr): 631-6.

    Differential expression of GAD65 and GAD67 in human, rat, and mouse pancreatic islets.
    Baekkeskov S
    Diabetes 42.12 (1993 Dec): 1799-808.

    Epitope Map References

    Autoreactive epitopes defined by diabetes-associated human monoclonal antibodies are localized in the middle and C-terminal domains of the smaller form of glutamate decarboxylase.
    Baekkeskov S
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 90.7 (1993 Apr 1): 2832-6.

    All References

    Autoimmunity to two forms of glutamate decarboxylase in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
    Tobin AJ
    The Journal of clinical investigation 89.1 (1992 Jan): 283-92.

    Characterization of GABAergic neurons in hippocampal cell cultures.
    Banker G
    Journal of neurocytology 23.5 (1994 May): 279-95.

    Intrathalamic striatal grafts survive and affect circling behaviour in adult rats with excitotoxically lesioned striatum.
    Guerra MJ
    Neuroscience 68.3 (1995 Oct): 737-49.

    Postsynaptic clustering of major GABAA receptor subtypes requires the gamma 2 subunit and gephyrin.
    Lüscher B
    Nature neuroscience 1.7 (1998 Nov): 563-71.

    Ventrally located commissural neurons express the GABAergic phenotype in developing rat spinal cord.
    Tran TS
    The Journal of comparative neurology 409.2 (1999 Jun 28): 285-98.

    Localization of the brain-specific high-affinity l-proline transporter in cultured hippocampal neurons: molecular heterogeneity of synaptic terminals.
    Craig AM
    Molecular and cellular neurosciences 13.1 (1999 Jan): 25-39.

    Neural input and neural control of the subcommissural organ.
    Pérez-Fígares JM
    Microscopy research and technique 52.5 (2001 Mar 1): 520-33.

    Gamma protocadherins are required for synaptic development in the spinal cord.
    Sanes JR
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102.1 (2005 Jan 4): 8-14.

    BDNF locally potentiates GABAergic presynaptic machineries: target-selective circuit inhibition.
    Yamada MK
    Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) 15.3 (2005 Mar): 291-8.

    Generation of GABAergic and dopaminergic interneurons from endogenous embryonic olfactory bulb precursor cells.
    Vicario-Abejón C
    Development (Cambridge, England) 133.21 (2006 Nov): 4367-79.

    Distribution of EphB receptors and ephrin-B1 in the developing vertebrate spinal cord.
    Kaprielian Z
    The Journal of comparative neurology 497.5 (2006 Aug 10): 734-50.

    Conserved role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Val66Met: target-selective reinforcement of GABAergic synapses.
    Yamada MK
    Neuroreport 17.18 (2006 Dec 18): 1847-51.

    Effects of body temperature on neural activity in the hippocampus: regulation of resting membrane potentials by transient receptor potential vanilloid 4.
    Tominaga M
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 27.7 (2007 Feb 14): 1566-75.

    Expression of the basic helix-loop-factor Olig2 in the developing retina: Olig2 as a new marker for retinal progenitors and late-born cells.
    Gan L
    Gene expression patterns : GEP 7.1-2 (2007 Jan): 57-65.

    Mechanisms controlling Pax6 isoform expression in the retina have been conserved between teleosts and mammals.
    Lauderdale JD
    Developmental biology 307.2 (2007 Jul 15): 498-520.

    Contextual learning induces an increase in the number of hippocampal CA1 neurons expressing high levels of BDNF.
    Yamada MK
    Neurobiology of learning and memory 88.4 (2007 Nov): 409-15.

    GABAergic and non-GABAergic thalamic, hypothalamic and basal forebrain projections to the ventral oral pontine reticular nucleus: their implication in REM sleep modulation.
    Reinoso-Suárez F
    Brain research 1210. (2008 May 19): 116-25.

    Activity-dependent relocation of the axon initial segment fine-tunes neuronal excitability.
    Burrone J
    Nature 465.7301 (2010 Jun 24): 1070-4.

    P-Rex2, a Rac-guanine nucleotide exchange factor, is expressed selectively in ribbon synaptic terminals of the mouse retina.
    Blackburn BA
    BMC neuroscience 14. (2013 Jul 11): 70.

    Regulation of synaptic stability by AMPA receptor reverse signaling.
    Ghosh A
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108.1 (2011 Jan 4): 367-72.

    An abrupt developmental shift in callosal modulation of sleep-related spindle bursts coincides with the emergence of excitatory-inhibitory balance and a reduction of somatosensory cortical plasticity.
    Blumberg MS
    Behavioral neuroscience 124.5 (2010 Oct): 600-11.

    Gelidium amansii promotes dendritic spine morphology and synaptogenesis, and modulates NMDA receptor-mediated postsynaptic current.
    Moon IS
    In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal 50.5 (2014): 445-52.

    In vivo clonal overexpression of neuroligin 3 and neuroligin 2 in neurons of the rat cerebral cortex: Differential effects on GABAergic synapses and neuronal migration.
    De Blas AL
    The Journal of comparative neurology 523.9 (2015 Jun 15): 1359-78.

    Perisomatic GABAergic innervation in prefrontal cortex is regulated by ankyrin interaction with the L1 cell adhesion molecule.
    Maness PF
    Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) 20.11 (2010 Nov): 2684-93.

    The spatiotemporal segregation of GAD forms defines distinct GABA signaling functions in the developing mouse olfactory system and provides novel insights into the origin and migration of GnRH neurons.
    Szabó G
    Developmental neurobiology 75.3 (2015 Mar): 249-70.

    Defects in dendrite and spine maturation and synaptogenesis associated with an anxious-depressive-like phenotype of GABAA receptor-deficient mice.
    Luscher B
    Neuropharmacology 88. (2015 Jan): 171-9.

    SHANK3 overexpression causes manic-like behaviour with unique pharmacogenetic properties.
    Zoghbi HY
    Nature 503.7474 (2013 Nov 7): 72-7.

    Aralar Sequesters GABA into Hyperactive Mitochondria, Causing Social Behavior Deficits.
    Bagni C
    Cell 180.6 (2020 Mar 19): 1178-1197.e20.

    Differential expression of GAD65 and GAD67 in human, rat, and mouse pancreatic islets.
    Baekkeskov S
    Diabetes 42.12 (1993 Dec): 1799-808.

    Nerve growth factor is primarily produced by GABAergic neurons of the adult rat cortex.
    Tuszynski MH
    Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 8. (2014): 220.

    Integration between different hypothalamic nuclei involved in stress and GnRH secretion in the ewe.
    Dobson H
    Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene 45.6 (2010 Dec): 1065-73.

    Electron tomography on γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic synapses reveals a discontinuous postsynaptic network of filaments.
    Reese TS
    The Journal of comparative neurology 522.4 (2014 Mar): 921-36.

    17α-estradiol is generated locally in the male rat brain and can regulate GAD65 expression and anxiety.
    Yamada MK
    Neuropharmacology 90. (2015 Mar): 9-14.

    Characterization of secretagogin-immunoreactive amacrine cells in marmoset retina.
    Grünert U
    The Journal of comparative neurology 522.2 (2014 Feb 1): 435-55.

    Analysis of bipolar and amacrine populations in marmoset retina.
    Grünert U
    The Journal of comparative neurology 523.2 (2015 Feb 1): 313-34.

    Identification of AⅡ amacrine, displaced amacrine, and bistratified ganglion cell types in human retina with antibodies against calretinin.
    Grünert U
    The Journal of comparative neurology 524.1 (2016 Jan 1): 39-53.

    Perineuronal Net Protein Neurocan Inhibits NCAM/EphA3 Repellent Signaling in GABAergic Interneurons.
    Maness PF
    Scientific reports 8.1 (2018 Apr 18): 6143.

    AII amacrine cells in the primate fovea contribute to photopic vision.
    Grünert U
    Scientific reports 8.1 (2018 Nov 6): 16429.

    Alternative Splicing of Presynaptic Neurexins Differentially Controls Postsynaptic NMDA and AMPA Receptor Responses.
    Südhof TC
    Neuron 102.5 (2019 Jun 5): 993-1008.e5.

    Mouse Retinal Cell Atlas: Molecular Identification of over Sixty Amacrine Cell Types.
    Sanes JR
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 40.27 (2020 Jul 1): 5177-5195.

    Composition of the Inner Nuclear Layer in Human Retina.
    Grünert U
    Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 62.9 (2021 Jul 1): 22.

    Characterization of the proteins purified with monoclonal antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase.
    Gottlieb DI
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 8.6 (1988 Jun): 2123-30.

    Autoreactive epitopes defined by diabetes-associated human monoclonal antibodies are localized in the middle and C-terminal domains of the smaller form of glutamate decarboxylase.
    Baekkeskov S
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 90.7 (1993 Apr 1): 2832-6.

    Autoantibodies in IDDM primarily recognize the 65,000-M(r) rather than the 67,000-M(r) isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase.
    Lernmark A
    Diabetes 42.4 (1993 Apr): 631-6.

    TNF-α downregulates inhibitory neurotransmission through protein phosphatase 1-dependent trafficking of GABA(A) receptors.
    Stellwagen D
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 33.40 (2013 Oct 2): 15879-93.

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